The article substantiates the relevance of using a neuropsychological approach in the framework of correcting the difficulties that arise in younger students in the process of assimilation of the general education program. It also discusses the various difficulties that students face in schooling. Particular attention is paid to the features that must be taken into account in order to subsequently carry out psychodiagnostic work with younger students. An organized neuropsychological study using a graphic test is described, the purpose of which was to identify the possibility of mastering a motor program with a graphic presentation of a sample, switching from one program element to another, and automating a movement series. The study involved 80 people with different levels of training: well-performing, average-performing schoolchildren and poorly performing students. The article also presents a quantitative and qualitative analysis based on the results obtained during the study. Also, the available experimental data in the course of performing a graphic test, on the one hand, made it possible to identify violations or unformed functional systems and thereby establish the cause of the difficulties experienced by the child, and on the other hand, determined the significance and relevance of creating a special psychological program for correcting the identified difficulties, since they are based on a differentiated and an individual approach to diagnosing learning difficulties in a child.