Introduction. The study investigates the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly ChatGPT, on the development of cognitive skills in future specialists. It explores how AI integration into higher education can enhance critical thinking, problem-solving abilities, and personalized learning while addressing ethical concerns such as academic integrity, technological dependence, and data privacy. Methodology and Methods. A mixed-methods approach was applied, combining qualitative and quantitative techniques. Data were collected from 148 third- and fourth-year students of the "Teaching and Primary Education Methodology" program at the Kazakh National Women’s Pedagogical University in Almaty through surveys, questionnaires, and semi-structured interviews. Statistical analyses, including t-tests and ANOVA, were employed to examine the effects of ChatGPT on students’ cognitive activity, learning engagement, and perception of AI in education. Results. Findings indicate that ChatGPT significantly enhances students’ analytical and problem-solving skills, promotes deeper comprehension of content, and increases engagement and motivation. A majority of students (57.5%) reported that AI enables personalized learning pathways, while 24.8% emphasized its role in monitoring academic progress. Identified challenges include ethical considerations, limited technical support, and data privacy concerns. Nevertheless, AI tools were generally perceived as beneficial for cognitive skill development and active learning. Scientific novelty. The study demonstrates that AI, when ethically integrated, fosters cognitive growth and critical thinking in future specialists. Practical significance. The results provide evidence-based recommendations for using AI in education, emphasizing responsible implementation to enhance learning quality, motivation, and individualized educational trajectories.