In the context of the global economy and digital transformation, universities play a key role in the formation of entrepreneurial competencies among students. This work is aimed at researching the theoretical foundations that ensure the development of entrepreneurial activity in the educational environment of universities. The main attention is paid to the analysis of models and concepts such as the theory of entrepreneurial opportunities, the theory of social capital, the triple helix model, as well as the latest approaches to the development of entrepreneurial competence. The results demonstrate that the integration of these theories into educational programs contributes to the development of students' analytical thinking, innovative approach and social skills. The findings of the study emphasize the importance of creating a comprehensive ecosystem of entrepreneurial education that allows universities to prepare a new generation of entrepreneurs adapted to modern challenges.